Organisms & development
Zebrafish cardiovascular models, embryonic staging, specimen preparation and longitudinal optical observation; comparative avian embryology.
Examine methods ↗Scientific methods / The research atlas
From first principles
to living systems.
Mahmoud Khatib A. A. Al-Ruweidi's work spans synthesis and molecular sensing, engineered interfaces, animal and cellular models, imaging, quantitative biology and drug delivery. The connecting question is how structure becomes function—and how that function can be observed, measured and changed.
A research philosophy
Five disciplines.
One chain of reasoning.
Chemistry establishes what a system is made of. Materials science examines how its interfaces behave. Bioengineering asks what forces, transport and architecture do to living tissue. Pharmaceutical science brings design into contact with therapeutic exposure. The history of medicine supplies a different but indispensable test: how did practitioners establish that their knowledge worked?
Methods in context
Not a list of instruments.
A map of investigations.
Living cells under stress
Epithelial monolayers, flow-induced injury, viability and cytoskeletal microscopy.
Examine methods ↗Plasma & surfaces
Electrospinning, cold plasma, polymer modification, spectroscopy and morphology.
Examine methods ↗Synthesis & sensing
Schiff-base chemistry, cyanide sensing, UV–Vis, fluorescence and analytical structure confirmation.
Examine methods ↗Cancer & biomarkers
Cell-based responses, phenotypic endpoints and quantitative gene expression in collaborative research.
Examine methods ↗Computational biology
Video quantification, hemodynamics, biomedical data interpretation and model-informed experimental questions.
Examine methods ↗01 / Experimental imaging
Seeing development as a dynamic process.
Zebrafish vascular architecture · scientific illustration.
Specimen provenance, context and limitations ↗
At Qatar University’s Biomedical Research Center, Al-Ruweidi contributed to research on zebrafish cardiovascular and developmental models, linking biological preparation with high-speed optical acquisition and quantitative interpretation.
- Zebrafish embryo and larval workflowsHusbandry, specimen preparation, phenotyping and developmental observations.
- High-speed video microscopyTemporal observations of cardiac contractions, flow and vascular geometry in translucent zebrafish models.
- Quantitative imaging and analysisImageJ and MicroZebraLab workflows, measurement quality and collaborative analysis.
- Research infrastructureDevelopment and standardization of experimental imaging workflows at QU BRC.
- Chick embryo and comparative developmental modelsAvian embryos provide complementary access to cardiac morphogenesis, staged development and flow-driven remodeling; these models appear within the wider field of developmental mechanobiology.
Primary visual archive / Animal methods
Observe life
in motion.
Recorded observation is part of the scientific evidence. High-speed zebrafish microscopy captures cardiac and vascular dynamics, while the avian laboratory archive documents an egg-preparation stage used in developmental work. The recordings below come from original files, preserving their distinct experimental contexts.
01 · Chick embryo / avian preparationORIGINAL ARCHIVE
02 · Zebrafish microscopyORIGINAL RECORDING
03 · Zebrafish microscopyORIGINAL RECORDING
04 · Zebrafish researchORIGINAL RECORDING
02 / Cell and tissue mechanics
What physical stress does to cells.
Pulmonary epithelial interface and mechanical stress · scientific illustration.
Al-Ruweidi’s pulmonary bioengineering research used an experimental model of liquid-interface-induced epithelial injury to examine how physical stress affects cell survival and cytoskeletal organization.
- Parallel-plate flow chamberFlow-induced stress wave generation and controlled epithelial exposure.
- Cell preparation and assaysEpithelial monolayers, staining, live/dead assessment and fluorescence microscopy.
- Mechanistic readoutsCell injury, cytoskeletal responses and experimental pharmacological protection.
- Research communicationData interpretation, visual analysis and manuscript preparation.
03 / Biomaterials · 2018–present
Fabricating interfaces for biology.
Polymeric surfaces and plasma engineering · scientific illustration.
Research at the materials–biology interface includes electrospun polymer substrates, low-temperature plasma chemistry, biomedical textiles and fabrication of functional surfaces.
- ElectrospinningPolymeric nanofibers and mats, process parameters and material preparation.
- Surface activationPlasma-assisted modification of PLA scaffolds and films with antimicrobial-oriented functionalities.
- CharacterizationATR–FTIR, Raman and surface/morphology interpretation in collaborative research.
- Digital fabrication3D printing, prototyping and cross-disciplinary fabrication workflows.
04 / Pharmaceutics
Transporting a therapeutic where it matters.
Current research · vesicular formulation and inhaled delivery.
His MSc research focuses on formulation and aerosolization questions in inhalable dexamethasone-loaded niosomes and proniosomes, bridging molecular composition, vesicular structure and pulmonary delivery.
- Formulation designSurfactant/cholesterol composition calculations and vesicular carrier design.
- Physicochemical assessmentDLS and FTIR workflows, with assay development and characterization planning.
- Aerosol scienceNebulization, particle deposition and impactor-based evaluation in the thesis workflow.
- Computational methodsPython-based formulation tools, quantitative data processing and mechanistic modelling concepts.
A standard of scientific practice
The experiment is also a way of thinking.
Scientific techniques are strongest when the link between preparation, measurement and interpretation remains visible. Careful controls, transparent attribution and reproducible data analysis turn an isolated observation into a contribution another laboratory can evaluate and build upon.
05 / Chemistry · Synthesis · Sensor design
Design a molecule. Test what it recognizes.
At the molecular scale, a measurable signal can reveal an otherwise invisible interaction.
Work in analytical and synthetic chemistry includes imine and Schiff-base preparation, chromogenic and fluorogenic probe chemistry, spectrophotometric assay design, and the interpretation of structure–response relationships. This chemical foundation connects to later investigations of polymers, therapeutics and biological materials.
Published analytical methods ↗
06 / Cell culture · Cancer biology · Biomarkers
Biological response requires more than a single endpoint.
An altered phenotype is evidence; the mechanism explaining it remains a question.
Cellular research extends from lung epithelial monolayers to collaborative work evaluating novel chemical scaffolds in cancer-cell systems. The UREP23-133-1-028 collaboration investigated Schiff-base intermediates with triple-negative breast cancer lines, including HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231, connecting molecular candidates to migration, viability and gene-expression readouts. Chemistry and biological assay teams collaborated to connect the synthesis framework to phenotypic data.
A related translational line of work examines ACE2, angiotensin II, inflammation and cardiovascular biomarkers, connecting molecular readouts to biological and clinical questions.
First-author epithelial injury research ↗From chemical structure to cellular phenotype
Compound → exposure → phenotype → mechanism
Each arrow is an experimental claim that must be tested. An observed response may motivate a biomarker hypothesis, but it does not by itself establish target engagement, pathway specificity or clinical efficacy.
Related funded research context ↗07 / Structural interpretation · Characterization
Structure is an argument made with measurements.
A formulation, scaffold or candidate molecule is only as well understood as the evidence supporting its identity.
The characterization portfolio encompasses IR/FTIR interpretation, NMR and mass-spectrometric evidence in synthetic chemistry, UV–Vis and fluorescence behavior of molecular probes, and SEM-based surface morphology in polymer research. Molecular-structure reasoning also informs the interpretation of biomolecular interactions and the critical analysis of proposed therapeutic targets.
Published structural and morphology evidence ↗An inference chain
What is it? How was it made? What does it do?
Those questions guide the interpretation of spectra, microscopy and composition data before biological performance is attributed to a proposed mechanism.
08 / Hemodynamics · Quantitative biology · Computation
When motion becomes a measurement.
Bioengineering connects observed dynamics to parameters with physiological meaning.
The zebrafish imaging publications use temporal microscopy alongside ImageJ and MicroZebraLab for cardiac and vascular evaluation, including heart rate, ventricular motion and blood-flow-derived indices. Related analysis extends to biomedical imaging, the interpretation of experimental endpoints, reproducible data-processing workflows and machine learning applied to fetal echocardiograms.
Published hemodynamics methodology ↗The transformation of evidence
Image sequences
↓
Measured movement
↓
Biophysical parameters
Temporal resolution, geometry and measurement definitions determine whether video can support biological inference. The method matters as much as the result.
BRC imaging & infrastructure ↗09 / Artificial intelligence · Research software · Data analysis
From raw measurements to reproducible computational evidence.
Machine learning, deterministic modelling and statistical analysis belong to different methodological families. Each deserves its own evidence and limits.
Published biomedical AI: In the 2023 IEEE Access pilot study on fetal congenital heart disease, I was an equal first author. My documented contribution includes echocardiogram data curation and preprocessing, evaluation of CNN–LSTM/stacking-based approaches, clinical interpretation and scientific reporting. This is not a claim of a clinically deployed diagnostic tool.
Scientific programming and preformulation: I developed research calculations in Python using NumPy and pandas and maintain NanoFormulationDesigner, which includes physicochemical kernels, material-property provenance, screening rules, CLI/Streamlit interfaces and unit tests. Results are model-informed decisions, not experimentally validated particle-size or bioavailability predictions.
Quantitative and biomedical analytics: Python, R, SQL and Tableau support data wrangling, statistical summaries and visualization; ImageJ/MicroZebraLab support physiological image measurements; and cardiovascular data-quality, biomarker and environmental exposure analyses support scientific interpretation. The computational drug-release chapter appears as Chapter 5, beginning at page 97, in the 2026 edited volume Digital Twin Technology in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Smart Manufacturing (Deep Science Publishing; book DOI 10.70593/978-93-7185-824-3).
Dedicated AI & scientific computing research portfolio ↗Methods directly tied to evidence
Three evidence tracks
Published AI: CNN–LSTM fetal echocardiography, equal first author, IEEE Access (2023).
Published AI study ↗Research software: NanoFormulationDesigner, openly inspectable repository.
Software & test records ↗Quantitative imaging: zebrafish cardiac haemodynamics and physiologic image-based measurement.
Micron methodology ↗Published visual evidence / Living archive
Research should be seen.
A moving gallery of original figures from coauthored papers. From optical images and cell mechanics to plasma-treated polymers and molecular sensing, each visual connects a technique to a peer-reviewed research record.